Kudhinda sikirini kunoreva kushandiswa kwesikirini sechigadziko cheplate, uye kuburikidza nenzira yekugadzira plate inonzwa chiedza, inogadzirwa nepicture screen printing plate. Kudhinda sikirini kunosanganisira zvinhu zvishanu, sikirini, scraper, inki, tafura yekudhinda uye substrate. Kudhinda sikirini ndeimwe yemhando dzakakosha dzekugadzira hunyanzvi.
1. Chii chinonzikudhinda sikirini
Kudhinda pachidzitiro inzira yekufambisa dhizaini yestencil panzvimbo yakati sandara uchishandisa skrini, inki, uye scraper. Machira nemapepa ndizvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa pakudhinda pachidzitiro, asi uchishandisa inki dzakagadzirwa, zvinokwanisikawo kudhinda pamatanda, simbi, purasitiki uye kunyange girazi. Nzira huru inosanganisira kugadzira mold pachidzitiro chemesh yakanaka wobva waisa shinda yeinki (kana pendi, kana iri mifananidzo nemaposta) kuburikidza nayo kuti dhizaini yacho idhindwe pamusoro uri pazasi.
Maitiro acho dzimwe nguva anonzi "screen printing" kana "screen printing," uye kunyangwe maitiro chaiwo ekudhinda achigara akafanana, nzira iyo stencil inogadzirwa nayo inogona kusiyana, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvinoshandiswa. Matemplate akasiyana anosanganisira:
Isa chipenga kana vinyl kuti chifukidze nzvimbo yaunoda yechidzitiro.
Shandisa "screen blocker" yakaita seglue kana pendi kupenda mold pagrid.
Gadzira stencil uchishandisa emulsion yemifananidzo, wobva wagadzira stencil nenzira yakafanana nemufananidzo (unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveizvi mugwaro renhanho nenhanho).
Magadzirirwo akagadzirwa achishandisa matekiniki ekudhinda pachikirini anogona kushandisa inki imwe chete kana shoma. Pazvinhu zvine mavara akawanda, ruvara rwega rwega runofanira kuiswa muchikamu chakasiyana uye template yakasiyana inoshandiswa painki yega yega.
2. Sei uchishandisa kudhinda kwechidzitiro
Chimwe chezvikonzero nei tekinoroji yekudhinda skrini ichishandiswa zvakanyanya ndechekuti inogadzira mavara anopenya kunyangwe pamachira akasviba. Inki kana pendi inowanikwawo muzvikamu zvakasiyana pamusoro pejira kana bepa, zvichiita kuti chidimbu chakadhindwa chive chinogutsa.
Tekinoroji iyi inofarirwawo nekuti inobvumira vanodhinda kuti vakwanise kukopa magadzirirwo nyore nyore kakawanda. Sezvo dhizaini yacho ichigona kukopirwa kakawanda vachishandisa mold imwe chete, inobatsira pakugadzira makopi akawanda ehembe imwe chete kana chishongedzo. Kana ichishanda neprinta ine ruzivo uchishandisa michina yehunyanzvi, zvinokwanisikawo kugadzira magadzirirwo emavara akaomarara. Kunyange zvazvo kuoma kwemaitiro acho kuchireva kuti huwandu hwemavara anogona kushandiswa neprinta hwakaganhurirwa, hune simba rakawanda kupfuura rinogona kuwanikwa uchishandisa kudhinda kwedhijitari chete.
Kudhinda masikirini inzira inozivikanwa pakati pevanyori nevagadziri nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana uye kugona kwayo kuburitsa mavara akajeka nemifananidzo yakajeka. Kuwedzera kuna Andy Warhol, vamwe vanyori vanozivikanwa nekushandisa kwavo kudhinda masikirini vanosanganisira Robert Rauschenberg, Ben Shahn, Eduardo Paolozzi, Richard Hamilton, RB Kitaj, Henri Matisse naRichard Estes.
3. Matanho ekudhinda skrini
Kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekudhinda pachikirini, asi dzese dzine matekiniki akafanana. Mhando yekudhinda yatichakurukura pazasi inoshandisa emulsion yakakosha yechiedza kugadzira mastencil akagadzirwa; Nekuti inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mastencil akaomarara, inowanzova mhando inonyanya kufarirwa yekudhinda kwekutengeserana.
Danho 1: Dhizaini yakagadzirwa
Kutanga, muchina wekudhinda unotora dhizaini yavanoda kugadzira pachigadzirwa chekupedzisira, wobva waidhinda pafirimu rinoonekera reacetic acid. Izvi zvichashandiswa kugadzira chiumbwa.
Danho rechipiri: Gadzirira skrini
Tevere, printa inosarudza skrini ye mesh inoenderana nekuoma kwedhizaini uye magadzirirwo ejira rakadhindwa. Skrini yacho inobva yaputirwa ne photoreactive emulsion iyo inoomarara kana yagadzirwa nechiedza chakajeka.
Danho rechitatu: Fukidza mafuta ekuisa mugirazi
Pepa reacetate rine dhizaini iyi rinozoiswa pachidzitiro chakaputirwa ne emulsion uye chigadzirwa chose chinozoratidzwa nechiedza chakajeka zvikuru. Chiedza chinoita kuti emulsion iome, saka chikamu chechidzitiro chakafukidzwa nechimiro chinoramba chiri mvura.
Kana dhizaini yekupedzisira iine mavara akawanda, sikirini yakasiyana inofanira kushandiswa kuisa jira rega rega reinki. Kuti agadzire zvigadzirwa zvine mavara akawanda, muprinta anofanira kushandisa hunyanzvi hwake kugadzira template yega yega uye kuigadzirisa zvakakwana kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti dhizaini yekupedzisira haina musono.
Danho rechina: Geza emulsion kuti ugadzire stencil
Mushure mekunge waisa chifukidziro kwenguva yakati, nzvimbo dzechifukidziro dzisina kuvharwa nedhizaini yacho dzichaoma. Wobva wasuka mafuta ese asina kuoma. Izvi zvinosiya chiratidzo chakajeka chedhizaini yacho pachifukidziro kuti inki ipfuure nepakati.
Sikirini yacho inobva yaoma uye printa ichaita chero chinhu chinodiwa kuti chiratidzo chive pedyo nedhizaini yekutanga sezvinobvira. Iye zvino unogona kushandisa mold.
Danho rechishanu: Chinhu chacho chagadzirira kudhindwa
Chidzitiro chinozoiswa pamuchina wekudhindisa. Chinhu kana chipfeko chinodhindwa chinoiswa chakati sandara papureti yekudhindisa iri pasi pechidzitiro.
Kune michina yakasiyana-siyana yekudhinda, yemaoko neyeotomatiki, asi michina yakawanda yekudhinda yemazuva ano inoshandisa muchina wedhisiki unotenderera wega, sezvo izvi zvichibvumira masikirini akasiyana-siyana kuti ashande panguva imwe chete. Pakudhinda mavara, muchina uyu unogona kushandiswawo kuisa mavara akasiyana-siyana akatevedzana.
Danho rechitanhatu: Dzvanya inki nepachiratidziro pachinhu chacho
Sikirini inodonhera pabhodhi rakadhindwa. Isa inki pamusoro pesikirini woshandisa chikwenya chinonyudza inki kuti udhonze urefu hwese hwesikirini. Izvi zvinodzvanya inki pamusoro penzvimbo yakashama yetemplate, nokudaro zvichinyora dhizaini pachigadzirwa chiri pazasi.
Kana printa iri kugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda, simudza sikirini woisa mbatya itsva paplate yekudhinda. Wobva wadzokorora maitiro acho.
Kana zvinhu zvese zvadhindwa uye template yashanda, mushonga wekuchenesa wakakosha unogona kushandiswa kubvisa emulsion kuitira kuti skrini igone kushandiswazve kugadzira template itsva.
Danho rechinomwe: Omesa chigadzirwa, tarisa wobva wapedza
Chigadzirwa chakadhindwa chinopfuudzwa nemuchina wekuomesa, uyo "unorapa" inki uye unoburitsa pamusoro wakatsetseka, usingatsvedzeri. Chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chisati chapihwa kumuridzi mutsva, chinoongororwa uye chinocheneswa zvakanaka kuti chibvise zvasara zvese.
4. Zvishandiso zvekudhinda zvepachidzitiro
Kuti maprinti akachena uye akajeka awaneke, maprinti escreen anofanira kunge aine maturusi akakodzera ekupedzisa basa racho. Pano, tichakurukura nezvemudziyo wega wega wekudhinda screen, kusanganisira basa rawo mukudhinda.
| muchina wekudhinda wepachikirini |
Kunyangwe zvichikwanisika kudhinda uchishandisa mesh mesh chete uye squeegee, maprinta mazhinji anosarudza kushandisa muchina wekudhinda nekuti unoabvumira kudhinda zvinhu zvakawanda zvinobudirira. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti muchina wekudhinda unobata skrini pakati pemaprinta, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kumushandisi kuchinja bepa kana mbatya dzinofanira kudhindwa.
Kune mhando nhatu dzemichina yekudhinda: yemaoko, yesemi-automatic uye yeautomatic. Michina yekudhinda nemaoko inoshandiswa nemaoko, zvinoreva kuti inonetsa zvikuru. Michina yekudhinda yesemi-automatic inogadzirwa nekamwe kamuchina, asi ichiri kuda vanhu kuti vachinje zvinhu zvakadzvanywa, nepo michina yekudhinda yeautomatic ichingoshanda yega uye haidi zvakawanda.
Mabhizinesi anoda mapurojekiti akawanda ekudhinda anowanzo shandisa michina yekudhinda ye semi-automatic kana fully automatic nekuti inogona kudhinda nekukurumidza, zvinobudirira uye isina zvikanganiso zvakawanda. Makambani madiki kana makambani anoshandisa screen printing sechitandadzo anogona kuwana michina yekudhinda yedesktop (dzimwe nguva inonzi "hand") yakakodzera zvirinani kune zvavanoda.
inki |
Inki, pigment, kana pendi zvinosundirwa nepamachira emesh zvichienda kuchinhu chinofanira kudhindwa, zvichiendesa ruvara rwedhizaini yestencil kuchigadzirwa.
Kusarudza ingi hakusi kungosarudza ruvara chete, kune dzimwe nzira dzakawanda. Kune ingi dzakawanda dzehunyanzvi dzinogona kushandiswa kugadzira mhedzisiro dzakasiyana pachinhu chapera. Semuenzaniso, maprinta anogona kushandisa ingi dzeflash, ingi dzakakanganisika, kana ingi dzakaputirwa (dzinokura kuita nzvimbo yakasimudzwa) kuti dzigadzire chitarisiko chakasiyana. Muprinta achafungawo nezvemhando yejira rekudhinda pachikirini, sezvo mamwe ingi achishanda zvakanyanya pane zvimwe zvinhu kupfuura mamwe.
Pakudhinda mbatya, printa inoshandisa inki inogezwa nemuchina mushure mekunge yagadziriswa nekupiswa. Izvi zvinoita kuti isapfekwe kwenguva refu uye isingatsvedzeri, inogona kupfekwa kakawanda.
| sikirini |
Sikirini iri mukudhinda sikirini ifuremu yesimbi kana yehuni yakafukidzwa nejira remachira akapfava. Kare, mesh iyi yaigadzirwa neshinda yesirika, asi nhasi, yatsiviwa nefiber yepolyester, iyo inopa mashandiro akafanana nemutengo wakaderera. Ukobvu nenhamba yeshinda yemesh zvinogona kusarudzwa kuti zvienderane nepamusoro pechinhu chinodhindwa kana magadzirirwo ejira, uye nzvimbo iri pakati pemitsetse midiki, kuitira kuti zvimwe zvinhu zviwanikwe mukudhindwa.
Kana sikirini yaputirwa ne emulsion uye yaiswa pachena, inogona kushandiswa se template. Kana nzira yekudhinda sikirini yapera, inogona kucheneswa uye kushandiswazve.
| muchina wekukwenya |
Chikwambo (scraper) irabha inokwenya yakabatanidzwa pabhodhi rehuni, simbi kana mubato wepurasitiki. Inoshandiswa kusundira inki nepachikirini chemesh uye pamusoro pechinhu chinodhindwa. Vadhindi vanowanzo sarudza chikwambo chakafanana nefuremu yechidzitiro nekuti chinopa kufukidza kuri nani.
Chikwenya cherabha chakaoma chinonyatsokodzera kudhinda magadzirirwo akaomarara ane ruzivo rwakawanda, sezvo chinoita kuti makona ese nemaburi ari muchikwenya atore inki zvakaenzana. Pakudhinda magadzirirwo asina ruzivo rwakakwana kana kudhinda pajira, chikwenya cherabha chakapfava uye chinobereka zvakawanda chinowanzo shandiswa.
Nzvimbo yekuchenesa |
Masekirini acho anofanira kucheneswa mushure mekushandisa kubvisa zvisaririra zvese zve emulsion, kuitira kuti agone kushandiswa zvakare pakudhinda gare gare. Dzimwe nzvimbo huru dzekudhinda dzinogona kushandisa mavhati emvura yekuchenesa kana acid kubvisa emulsion, nepo dzimwe dzichingoshandisa sink kana sink nehosi yemagetsi kuchenesa sikirini.
5. Inki yekudhinda skrini ichabviswa here?
Kana chipfeko chakadhindwa zvakanaka nenyanzvi yakadzidziswa ichishandisa inki inogezwa nekupisa, dhizaini yacho haifanirwe kugezwa. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ruvara haruperi, printa inofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti inki yakaiswa zvinoenderana nemirairo yemugadziri. Kupisa kwakakodzera uye nguva yekuomesa zvinoenderana nerudzi rweinki nejira rinoshandiswa, saka mirairo inofanirwa kuteverwa kana printa ichizogadzira chinhu chinogezwa kwenguva refu.
6. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pekudhinda pachikirini nekudhinda kwedhijitari?
Kudhinda kwedhijitari kwakagadzirira kupfeka zvakananga (DTG) kunoshandisa printer yejira rakagadzirirwa (senge printer yekombiyuta ye inkjet) kuendesa mifananidzo zvakananga kumachira. Kusiyana nekudhinda kwechidzitiro pakuti printer yedhijitari inoshandiswa kuendesa dhizaini zvakananga pajira. Nekuti hapana stencil, mavara akawanda anogona kuiswa panguva imwe chete, pane kuisa mavara akawanda mune imwe layer yakasiyana, zvinoreva kuti nzira iyi inowanzoshandiswa kudhinda magadzirirwo akaomarara kana ane mavara akawanda.
Kusiyana nekudhinda pachikirini, kudhinda kwedhijitari hakudi gadziriro yakawanda, zvinoreva kuti kudhinda kwedhijitari inzira inodhura zvishoma kana uchidhinda mbatya diki kana zvinhu chimwe chete. Uye nekuti inoshandisa mifananidzo yekombuta panzvimbo pematemplate, yakakodzera kugadzira mapikicha kana madhizaini ane ruzivo rwakawanda. Zvisinei, nekuti ruvara rwacho runodhindwa uchishandisa madotsi emavara emhando yeCMYK pane inki yemavara chaiyo, haigone kupa simba rakafanana nekudhinda pachikirini. Haugonewo kushandisa printa yedhijitari kugadzira mhedzisiro yemavara.
Fekitori yeNguo yeSiyinghongane ruzivo rwemakore gumi nemashanu mukugadzira mbatya, uye ane ruzivo rwemakore gumi nemashanu muindasitiri yekudhinda. Tinogona kupa gwara rehunyanzvi rekudhinda ma logo emhando yepamusoro kune masampuli/zvinhu zvako zvakawanda, uye tinokukurudzira nzira dzakakodzera dzekudhinda kuti masampuli/zvinhu zvako zvakawanda zvive zvakakwana. Unogonataura nesunekukasika!
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-21-2023
