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Saka, rudzii rwejirambatyaNdedzipi mbatya dzinotonhorera kupfeka muzhizha?
Kutanga, ngatinzwisisei musimboti uyu: Muzhizha, muviri wemunhu unowanzo kudikitira. Ruzhinji rwedikita rinoburitswa nemuviri wemunhu rinoburitswa kuburikidza nekubuda kwemvura, kupukuta, uye kunyudzwa nembatya dzinokwana pedyo. Kazhinji, anopfuura 50% yedikita rinopukutwa kana kunyudzwa nembatya dzinokwana pedyo. Saka, zvinhu zvikuru zvembatya dzezhizha kunyudzwa zvakanaka kwedikita, kuburitsa ziya uye kufema zvakanaka, nezvimwewo.
1. Jira rine mhedzisiro yakanaka inonwisa ziya
Kana usingade kudikitira, machira edonje, linen, mulberry silk kana bamboo fiber ndiwo anonyanya kufarirwa. Panguva imwe chete, machira ekugadzira akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvechisikigo zvakaita seviscose, tencel uye modal ndiwo akanakisawo.
Zvipfeko zvakagadzirwa nemachira akasiyana zvine kugona kwakasiyana kwekupinza hunyoro. Kazhinji, machira echisikigo efaibha uye machira efaibha ekugadzira ane kugona kwakanyanya kwekupinza hunyoro. Kuapfeka muzhizha kunogona kupinza ziya zviri nani, zvichiita kuti muviri ugare wakaoma uye zvichiita kuti muviri unzwe uchitonhorera.
Mashinda echisikigo neekugadzira anonzi mashinda anonyungudutsa mvura, nepo akawanda mashinda ekugadzira aine hunyanza hushoma hwekunyungudutsa hunyanza uye haanyungudi hunyanza. Saka, kana uchipfeka dzimwe nguva apo munhu asingadikitiri, zvakanaka kusarudza machira echisikigo akadai serineni, sirika remulberry, nedonje rezvipfeko zvezhizha. Kubva pamaonero ekuburitswa kwehunyanza, machira erineni haana kunyungudutsa hunyanza chete asiwo ane hunhu hwakanaka hwekuburitsa hunyanza, uye anokurumidza kupisa. Saka izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvinofarirwa zvezvipfeko zvezhizha.
(1) Donje nerinenizvipfeko
Imwe jira rechisikigo rinowanikwa muzhizha ijira rembanje. Zvipfeko zvakagadzirwa naro zvine chimiro chakasiyana zvikuru neshinda dzedonje nedzemhando ye cellulose: hazvipfeki, hazvipise piritsi, zvinonyungudutsa hunyoro hwakawanda, zvinooma nekukurumidza, zvinofema zvakanaka, zvine kupfava kwemaoko, uye zvine magadzirirwo akanaka. Machira embanje anoshandiswa muzhizha nemumatsutso anoita kuti vanhu vanzwe vachitonhorera uye vachifema zvakanaka.
(2) Faibha yemhangurajira
Rumwe rudzi rwejira rinonakidza kupfeka muzhizha machira efaibha ekugadzira akadai seviscose, modal uye Lyocell. Faibha dzekugadzira dzinogadzirwa nemapolymers echisikigo (akadai sehuni, donje, mukaka, nzungu, soya, nezvimwewo) kuburikidza nekugadzira spinning. Dzakasiyana nemafiber ekugadzira. Zvinhu zvefaibha dzekugadzira zvinonyanya kuve petroleum, marasha nezvimwe zvinhu zvekugadzira, nepo zvinhu zvefaibha dzekugadzira zviri zvechisikigo. Maitiro ekugadzira faibha dzekugadzira akaomarara uye anogona kunzwisiswa seizvi: viscose ifaibha yemapuranga emuti yechizvarwa chekutanga, modal ifaibha yemapuranga emuti yechizvarwa chechipiri, uye Lyocell ifaibha yemapuranga emuti yechizvarwa chechitatu. Modal inogadzirwa neLenzing wekuAustria inogadzirwa nemiti yebeech ine makore angangoita gumi, nepo Lyocell inogadzirwa zvakanyanya nemiti yeconiferous. Hunhu hwe lignin faibha mahuri hwakakwira zvishoma pane hwemu modal.
(3) Jira reModal
Modal ifiber ye cellulose yakagadziriswazve, uye zvinhu zvayo zvakagadzirwa nemuti we pulp cypress yakagadzirwa ne spruce ne beech. Zvizhinji zvezvinonyungudutsa zvinoshandiswa pakusona zvinogona kudzokororwa. Hapana kusvibiswa kunoitika panguva yekugadzira. Inogona kuora zvakasikwa uye haina njodzi kunharaunda nemuviri wemunhu. Saka, inonziwo fiber yegirini uye ine hushamwari kune nharaunda.
(4) Jira reLyocell
Lyocell ifiber ye cellulose yakagadziriswazve. Lyocell fiber inotumidzwa zita neInternational Synthetic Fiber Bureau uye inozivikanwa seLyocell fiber muChina. Inonzi "Tencel" ndiyo zita rekutengeserana refiber yeLyocell inogadzirwa neLenzing. Sezvo iri zita rekutengeserana rakanyoreswa neLenzing, fiber yeLyocell chete inogadzirwa neLenzing ndiyo inogona kunzi Tencel. Machira eLyocell fiber akapfava, ane jira rakanaka uye kugadzikana, uye anotonhorera uye akasununguka kupfeka. Pakuwacha, zvinodikanwa kushandisa sipo isina kusimba uye iron patembiricha yepakati nepakati kana yakaderera. Zvisinei, zvigadzirwa zvakanyorwa "Tencel" kana "Lyocell" pamusika zvinosiyana mumhando. Pakutenga, zvakakosha kutarisa kana jira rechinhu chacho riri "100% Lyocell fiber".
2. Machira akakodzera mitambo kana basa
Pakuita mitambo ine simba guru kana basa rinogutsa, machira anoshanda ane mabasa akadai sekunyudza hunyoro, kubvisa ziya uye kuomesa nekukurumidza anogona kusarudzwa.
Kana uri munzvimbo yekurovedza muviri ine simba guru, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza mbatya dzine mabasa akadai sekubvisa hunyoro, kubvisa ziya uye kuomesa nekukurumidza. Ziya rinogona kunyorovesa machira akadaro nekukurumidza uye kuparadzira ziya pamusoro nemukati mejira kuburikidza ne capillary effect. Sezvo nzvimbo yekupararira ichiwedzera, ziya rinogona kukurumidza kupera kuenda kunzvimbo yakapoteredza, zvichiita kuti pave nekunyorovesa, kupararira uye kupwanyika panguva imwe chete. Hapazovi nekunzwa kusagadzikana kwembatya dzakanamatira mumuviri. Zvipfeko zvakawanda zvemitambo zvinoshanda panheyo iyi.
Kunyangwe pazvipfeko zvakagadzirwa neshinda dzinobvisa hunyoro uye dzinokurumidza kuoma, pane zvinodiwa zvakasiyana panguva dzakasiyana dzekupfeka. Semuenzaniso, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai sekumhanya zvishoma nezvishoma, kufamba nekukurumidza kana kuita basa remuviri rakareruka, zvakanakira kupfeka zvipfeko zvemitambo zvitete zvine jira rimwe chete zvinobvisa hunyoro uye zvinobvisa ziya. Zvisinei, kana ukaita ziya paunenge uchirovedza muviri wakapfeka zvipfeko zvakagadzirwa nejira rerudzi urwu uye zvikasaoma nekukurumidza, uchanzwa kutonhora mushure mekumira kuita basa racho. Nekuda kweizvi, zvipfeko "zvinodzivirira hunyoro" zvakatanga kuvapo.
Rutivi rwemukati rwejira rekuti "rinofambisa hunyoro" rwakagadzirwa neshinda dzisina kunyorova zvakanaka asi dzinofambisa hunyoro zvakanaka, nepo rutivi rwekunze rwuchiumbwa neshinda dzine kunyorova zvakanaka. Mushure mekudikitira panguva yekurovedza muviri, ziya harinyurwi kana kupararira (kana kunyura uye kupararira zvishoma sezvinobvira) murutivi rwuri pedyo neganda. Pane kudaro, rinopfuura nepakati perutivi urwu rwemukati, richibvumira rutivi rwepamusoro rune kunyorova zvakanaka kuti "rukweve" ziya pamusoro, uye ziya harizodzokeri murutivi rwemukati. Rinogona kuchengetedza divi riri kubata nemuviri rakaoma, uye hapazovi nekunzwa kutonhora kunyangwe mushure mekumira kurovedza muviri. Ijira remhando yepamusoro rinogona kusarudzwa muzhizha.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-08-2025
