Ruzivo rwakawanda rwemachira ejira uye kuzivikanwa kwemachira echinyakare

Jira remachirainyanzvi yehunyanzvi. Semutengi wemafashoni, kunyangwe tisingade kuziva machira nehunyanzvi semagadzirirwo emachira, vanofanirwa kuve neruzivo rwakati rwemachira uye kukwanisa kuona machira akafanana, kunzwisisa zvakanakira nekuipira kwemachira aya uye maitiro akakodzera.

1. Ruzivo rukuru rwejira

(1) Kuumbwa kwejira: Kuumbwa kwejira, kusanganisira zvinhu zvinoshandiswa, kubatwa nemaoko, nezvimwewo, zvinoratidza kuti hunhu hwakawanda hwejira chinhu chinofanira kunzwisiswa nevatengi pavanenge vachitenga zvigadzirwa, saka zvakakosha zvikuru.

(2) Hunhu hwekuchengeta: kutarisirwa kwemachira kunosanganisira kuwacha, kugadzirisa, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinonyanya kutariswa nevashandisi vekupedzisira. Dzimwe nguva vatengi vanorega kutenga chigadzirwa nekuti kutarisirwa kwacho kwakaoma.

(3) Machira nehembe dzakarukwa: Nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemichina yekuruka uye nzira dzekuruka, machira ezvipfeko ane zvikamu zviviri zvinotevera:

① Jira: nemapoka maviri kana kupfuura eshinda dzakatarisana kurudyi Angle, shinda refu inonzi warp, shinda inotenderera mberi nekudzoka inonzi weft. Nekuti shinda yejira inopindirana yakatwasuka, dunhu rine mwero wakasimba, wakagadzikana, uye wakaderera wekudonha.

② Chinhu chakarukwa: chimiro chemhete yeshinda chinoita mhete yetsono, mhete itsva yetsono ichipinda nemhete yetsono yapfuura, zvichidzokororwa, kureva kuti, kuumbwa kwechinhu chakarukwa.

(4) Maumbirwo emuchina: Aya ndiwo matatu emhando yepamusoro emuchina, anozivikanwawo semuchina wekutanga. Mamwe masangano ese anobva mukuchinja uku kutatu kwemuchina.

① Kurongeka kwakati sandara: kutenderedzwa kwejira retishu rakati sandara kunoyangarara uye kunokweva. Hunhu hwekurongeka kwakati sandara ndehwekuti chitarisiko chemativi ese ejira chakafanana, uye pamusoro paro pakati sandara, saka rinonzi kurongeka kwakati sandara. Magadzirirwo ejira rakati sandara akasimba, kutadza kwaro kunzwa kwakaoma, patani yacho inofinha.

② Twill tissue: nzvimbo yetishu yetwill tissue inoramba ichitsveyama. Hunhu hwetishu yetwill tissue ndeyekuti jira rine musiyano wepamberi nepakati, iro rakamanikana uye rakakora kupfuura jira rakatsetseka, rine kupenya kuri nani uye kunzwa kwakapfava. Zvisinei, kana rakatetepa uye rakakora zvakafanana newarp ft, kusimba kwaro kushoma pane kwetishu yakatsetseka.

③ Kurongeka kweSatin: Kurongeka kweSatin ndiko kwakaoma kupfuura mamwe matatu ekutanga. Hunhu hwetishu yesatin ndehwekuti: pamusoro pejira pakapfava, pazere nekupenya, magadzirirwo akapfava, asi kana tichienzanisa nejira rakati sandara, jira rakamonana, riri nyore kukweshana nebvudzi, uye kunyange kukuvara. Kurongeka kwetishu kunonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira zvipfeko zvepamutemo.

(5) Kurema kwejira: -zvinowanzo shandiswa nehuremu hwegiramu pa square mita, zvinoreva huremu hwejira, zvinoreva ukobvu hwechiratidzo chejira. Semutengi anofanira kunzwisisa huremu hwakajairika hwemachira echirimo nezhizha (zvikuru machira akarukwa) uye huremu hwakajairika hwemachira echirimo nechando.

2. Kupatsanurwa kwemachira ejira

Fiber yejira inonyanya kupatsanurwa kuita fiber yechisikigo uye fiber yemakemikari.

(1) Fiber dzechisikigo: zvinoreva shinda dzemachira dzinowanikwa kubva kumiti kana mhuka. Dzine shinda dzezvirimwa (donje, hemp) uye shinda dzemhuka (bvudzi, sirika).

(2) Fiber yemakemikari: inonyanya kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvinotevera:

① Fiber inodzokororwa: fibre yakagadzirwa nefiber ye cellulose yechisikigo. Rayon, rayon nebvudzi renhema zvinogadzirwa nenzira iyi.

② Faibha dzekugadzira: polyester, acrylic, nayiloni, polypropylene, chlorine faibha dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya ndedzerudzi urwu.

③ Faibha isina kuchena: faibha ye silicate, faibha yesimbi, iyo iri muchikamu ichi,

3. Kunzwisisa kwemachira akajairika

Izvi zvinotevera zvakanakira nekuipira kukuru kwemachira anoshandiswa kazhinji uye nzira dzekuaziva nadzo.

(1) Donje:

① zvinhu zvikuru:

a. Kunyorova kwakasimba.

b. Jira redonje harina kugadzikana zvakanyanya kune maasidhi asina kugadzirwa.

c. Kana jira redonje rikagara kwenguva refu richishandiswa pachiedza chezuva nemhepo, rinogona kuita kuti oxidation iite zvishoma nezvishoma, uye rinogona kuderedza kupisa.

d. Zvipembenene, chakuvhuvhu nezvimwe zvipfeko zvedonje.

② mukana mukuru:

A, pamusoro pejira pane kupenya kwakapfava uye kunzwa kwakapfava.

(5) Kurema kwemagiramu ejira (Huremu hwejira): - kazhinji nehuremu hwemagiramu pamita imwe neimwe yejira, zvinoreva huremu hwemita imwe neimwe yejira, zvinoreva ukobvu hwechiratidzo chejira. Semutengi anofanira kunzwisisa huremu hwakajairika hwemachira echirimo nezhizha (machira akarukwa) uye huremu hwakajairika hwemachira echirimo nechando.

2. Kupatsanurwa kwemachira ejira

Fiber yejira inonyanya kupatsanurwa kuita fiber yechisikigo uye fiber yemakemikari.

(1) Matayi echisikigo: zvinoreva matayi emucheka anowanikwa kubva kumiti kana mhuka. Ane matayi emiti (donje, hemp) uye matayi emhuka (bvudzi, sirika).

(2) Fiber yemakemikari: inonyanya kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvinotevera:

① Fiber inodzokororwa: fibre yakagadzirwa nefiber ye cellulose yechisikigo. Rayon, rayon nebvudzi renhema zvinogadzirwa nenzira iyi.

② Faibha dzekugadzira: polyester, acrylic, nayiloni, polypropylene, chlorine faibha dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya ndedzerudzi urwu.

③ Faibha isina kuchena: faibha ye silicate, faibha yesimbi, iyo iri muchikamu ichi,

3. Kunzwisisa kwemachira akajairika

Izvi zvinotevera zvakanakira nekuipira kukuru kwemachira anoshandiswa kazhinji uye nzira dzekuaziva nadzo.

(1) Donje:

① zvinhu zvikuru:

a. Kunyorova kwakasimba.

b. Jira redonje harina kugadzikana zvakanyanya kune maasidhi asina kugadzirwa.

c. Kana jira redonje rikagara kwenguva refu richishandiswa pachiedza chezuva nemhepo, rinogona kuita kuti oxidation iite zvishoma nezvishoma, uye rinogona kuderedza kupisa.

d. Zvipembenene, chakuvhuvhu nezvimwe zvipfeko zvedonje.

② mukana mukuru:

A, pamusoro pejira pane kupenya kwakapfava uye kunzwa kwakapfava.

f. Inodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, inogona kushandiswa pakuayina kupisa kwakanyanya.

⑥ Zvikamu zvikuru zvakasanganiswa:

a. Donje reScoy: jira rinopenya uye rinopenya, rine ruvara rwakajeka, rakatsetseka uye rakapfava, rinonzwa rakapfava, harina kusimba. Mushure mekudzvanya jira neruoko, jira rinoonekwa, uye jira racho harisi nyore kunyangarika.

B, donje repolyester: kupenya kwaro kwakajeka kupfuura jira redonje rakachena, pamusoro pejira rakatsetseka, rakachena risina musoro weshinda kana tsvina. Inzwa yakatsetseka, yakapfava kupfuura jira redonje rakachena. Mushure mekudzvanya jira, ganda racho harionekwe, uye zviri nyore kudzorera mamiriro aro ekutanga.