Maitiro ekudhaya nekupedzisa (1)

Kusarudzwa kwekudhaya nekupedzisa maitiro kunonyanya kuenderana nemhando, zvirevo uye zvinodiwa zvechigadzirwa chakapedzwa chejira, izvo zvinogona kukamurwa kuita pre-treatment,dhayigkudhinda, kupedzisa basa mushure mekupedza nezvimwewo.

Kurapwa kusati kwaitwa

Matayi echisikigo ane tsvina, mukugadzirisa machira uye anowedzera tsvina, mafuta netsvina yakasvibiswa, kuvapo kwetsvina iyi, hakungokanganisi kufambira mberi kwakanaka kwekudhaya nekupedzisa kugadzirwa, asiwo kunokanganisa mashandiro ekupfeka kwejira.

Chinangwa chekurapa kwekutanga ndechekushandisa mishonga nemakemikari kubvisa tsvina pajira, kuita kuti jira rive jena, rakapfava, uye rive nemhepo yakakwana kuti risvike pazvinodiwa zvekutora, uye kupa zvigadzirwa zvehafu zvakakodzera zvekudhaya, kudhinda uye kupedzisa.

Donje: kugadzirira jira risina kucheneswa, kupiswa, kubviswa saizi, kufashaidzwa, kucheneswa, kupiswa. Polyester: kugadzirira jira, rakacheneswa (alkali yemvura, nezvimwewo), kuderedzwa, kuchengeterwa, kubvisa uremu hwealkali (alkali yemvura, nezvimwewo).

Kuimba

Kazhinji, mushure mekupinda mufekitori yekudhinda nekudhaya kubva kufekitori yemachira, jira regrey rinofanira kutanga raongororwa, rapindurwa, rabatanidzwa, radhindwa uye rasonerwa, uye rozopiswa.

Zvikonzero:

(1) pajira risingatsve zvakanyanya, kureba kwakasiyana;

(2) mwero wekupedzisa hauna kunaka, zviri nyore kusvibiswa;

(3) mune dzakatevedzana zhongyi mvere dzemakwai kudhaya nekupedzisa, kudhinda nekudhaya zvikanganiso.

Chinangwa chekuimba:

(1) kuvandudza kupenya kwejira; Kuvandudza kupenya kwaro;

(2) kuvandudza kuramba kupinza mishonga (kunyanya jira remakemikari refaibha);

(3) kuvandudza maitiro, kupenya kunogona kuita kuti jira rive rakatsvuka, raive pfupa.

Kugadzira saizi

Mukuita kwekurukwa, jira rekurukwa rinobatwa nekukakavadzana kukuru, izvo zviri nyore kutyoka. Kuti kuderedza kutyoka kwejira rekurukwa, kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwejira uye kunaka kwejira regrey, zvakakosha kuti jira rekurukwa rive saizi usati warukwa. Faibha iri mujira rinonamira pamwe chete, uye rinoumba firimu rakasimba pamusoro pejira, zvichiita kuti jira rive rakapfava uye rakatsetseka, nokudaro zvichivandudza simba rekutyoka uye kuramba kupfeka kwejira.

Chinangwa chekugadzira saizi: Mushure mekugadzira saizi, shinda inopinda mushinda uye inonamatira pamusoro pewarp. Ukuwo ichivandudza mashandiro eshinda, shinda iyi inosvibisa mvura yekudhaya nekupedzisa kugadzira, inodzivirira kusangana kwemakemikari pakati peshinda nekudhaya nezvinhu zvemakemikari, uye inoita kuti zviome kuita dhayi nekupedzisa kugadzira.

(1) Nhanganyaya yeslurry inowanzoshandiswa

Slurry yechisikigo: starch, seaweed gum, chingamu, nezvimwewo.

Zvimiro zvesitachi:

① kana acid ikaora;

② kana paine kugadzikana kwealkali, kuzvimba;

③ kana paine ma oxidants anogona kuora;

④ nekuora kwe enzyme yekuora kwestarch.

Kutsvedza kwemakemikari: zvinhu zvinobva mu cellulose zvakaita se hydroxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylic acid, polyester, nezvimwewo.

Zvimiro zvePVA:

1. Yakasimba kusvika kune acid nebase, viscosity haideredzi;

② Inosvibiswa ne oxidant.;

③ Kushanda kwakafara, kugarisana kwakanaka, hapana kusanganisa maitiro

(2) Nzira dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakugadzira saizi

1. Kubvisa saizi yealkaline

Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa mumiti yekudhaya yepamba, asi mwero wekudhaya hausi wepamusoro, uye mamwe tsvina anogona kubviswa panguva yekudhaya.

Maitiro: Kushandiswa kwe sodium hydroxide dilute solution kurapa, starch slurry pasi pechiito chealkali kuzvimba (kana kuzvimba), hakuitiki chemical reaction, kuitira kuti slurry kubva kugel kuenda kusol, ideredze simba rekubatanidza pakati pefiber neslurry, uye wobva washandisa washing uye mechanical force kuibvisa. Kune PVA ne polyacrylate slurry, inokwanisa kunyungudutsa sodium hydroxide mu dilute solutions.

(starch) kubvisa saizi ye enzyme

MaEnzymes anonziwo maenzyme, biocatalysts.

Zvinhu: mwero wepamusoro wekubvisa saizi, kwete fiber yekukuvara, yesitachi chete, haibvisi tsvina.

Zvinhu Zvine Chekuita: a. Kushanda nesimba zvakanyanya. b. Kunyatsojeka: Enzyme inogona kungokonzera chiitiko chimwe chete kana kutoita chiitiko chaicho. c. Chiitiko chacho chinokanganiswa nekupisa uye PH.

Kune starch slurry kana starch mixed slurry (huwandu hwestarch hunonyanya kukosha), amylase inogona kushandiswa kubvisa saizi.

Kubvisa asidhi

Kushandiswa kwepamba hakusi kwakawanda, nekuti kushandiswa kwacho kuri nyore kukuvadza faibha, kunobatanidzwa zvakanyanya nedzimwe nzira. Nzira ine matanho maviri inoshandiswa: alkali desizing - acid desizing. Acid desizing inogona kugadzira starch hydrolyze, kubvisa mineral salt nezvimwewo, uye kugadzirisana.。

Kubvisa saizi ye oxidation

Mushonga we oxidizing: NaBrO2 (sodium bromite) H2O2, Na2S2O8, (NH4) 2S2O8, nezvimwewo.

Musimboti: Chinhu chinooxidizing chinogona kuoxidize nekuparadza marudzi ese etsvina, huremu hwayo hwemamorekuru nekunaka kwayo zvinoderedzwa zvakanyanya, kunyungudika kwemvura kunowedzera, uye slurry inodzivirirwa kuti inamire kune fiber, uye ipapo hydrolyzate inobviswa nekugezwa zvakanaka.

(1) Kufashaira

Chinangwa chekufashaidza jira ndechekubvisa tsvina yefaibha uye kuvandudza mashandiro aro, kunyanya kunyorova.

Kusachena kwechisikigo: Pamachira edonje akachena, kunyanya zvipembenene zvine faibha kana zvimwe zvipenyu zvine chekuita nazvo, zvinosanganisira wakisi yemafuta, pectin, mapuroteni, dota, pigment uye magoko edonje.

Tsvina dzekugadzira: tsvina dzakadai semafuta, chinhu chinodzivirira static uye mafuta, ngura uye slurry inosara inowedzerwa mukugadzirisa kusona nekuruka.

Tsvina iyi inokanganisa zvakanyanya kunyorova kwejira uye inokanganisa kudhaya nekupedzisa kwejira, uye inofanira kubviswa mu scouring system ne sodium hydroxide sechinhu chikuru uye surfactants se assistant.

(2) Kuchenesa ganda

Mushure mekufashaira, tsvina zhinji dzechisikigo nedzekugadzira dzinobudajirazvinobviswa, asi pamachira akacheneswa uye ane ruvara rwakajeka, kucheneswa kunodiwawo. Izvi zvinoreva kubvisa ruvara, kuvandudza kuchena sechinangwa chikuru chekugadzirisa kucheneswa.

Fiber yemakemikari haina pigment, mushure mekufashaira yave chena kwazvo, uye fiber yedonje mushure mekukwesha pigment ichiripo, kuchena kwayo hakuna kunaka, saka kuchena kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwechisikigo pafiber yedonje.

(3) Bleach

Rudzi rwekuoxidation: sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide uye sodium chlorite, nezvimwewo, zvinonyanya kushandiswa mukotoni fiber uye machira akasanganiswa.

Yakaderedzwa: NaHSO3 uye upfu hweinishuwarenzi, nezvimwewo, zvinonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira machira eprotein fiber.

(4) Kuchenesa sodium hypochlorite:

Kuchenesa sodium hypochlorite kunonyanya kushandiswa pakupukuta machira edonje nedonje rakasanganiswa, uye dzimwe nguva kunoshandiswawo pakupukuta machira edonje akasanganiswa nepolyester. Zvisinei, haigone kushandiswa pakupukuta mapuroteni akaita sesiriki nemvere dzemakwai, nekuti sodium hypochlorite ine simba rinoparadza mapuroteni, uye inoita kuti machira atsvedzerere uye akuvare. Mukuchenesa, pamusoro pekuparadzwa kwemavara echisikigo, donje pacharo rinogonawo kukuvara, saka, zvakakosha kudzora mamiriro ekuchenesa, kuitira kuti chitarisiko chemhando yepamusoro uye hunhu hwemukati zvienderane.

Sodium hypochlorite iri nyore kugadzira, inodhura zvishoma, sodium hypochlorite bleaching inoshanda zviri nyore, iri nyore kushandisa, asi nekuti sodium hypochlorite bleaching haina kunaka pakuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, saka inotsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma nehydrogen peroxide.

(5) Kuchenesa hydrogen peroxide H2O2:

Hydrogen peroxide, inozivikanwawo sehydrogen peroxide, ine molecular formula H2O2. Kuchenesa kwehydrogen peroxide kunonzi oxygen bleaching. Kugadzikana kwe hydrogen peroxide solution kwakashata zvikuru mumamiriro e alkaline. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hydrogen peroxide yekutengeserana haina acid yakawanda.

Jira rakacheneswa nehydrogen peroxide rine kuchena kwakanaka, ruvara rwakachena, uye harisi nyore kuita yero kana rakachengetwa. Rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuchenesa jira redonje. Kuchenesa okisijeni kunogona kuchinjika zvakanyanya kupfuura chlorine bleaching, asi hydrogen peroxide yakakwira kupfuura mutengo wesodium hypochlorite, uye kuchena kweokisijeni kunoda michina yesimbi isina ngura, kushandiswa kwesimba kwakakura, mutengo wakakwira kupfuura chlorine bleaching.

Parizvino, nzira yekusviba nemhepo yakavhurika ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mumafekitori ekudhinda nekudhaya. Nzira iyi ine mwero wepamusoro wekuenderera mberi, otomatiki uye inobudirira pakugadzira, inoyerera zviri nyore uye haiburitse kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.

5. Mercerized (jira redonje)

Machira ari pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara, nerubatsiro rwesoda yakakanyiwa, uye kuchengetedza saizi inodiwa, anogona kuwana kubwinya kwakapfava, maitiro aya anonzi mercerization.

(1) Chinangwa chekutengeserana:

A. Kuvandudza kupenya kwejira pamusoro uye kunzwa kwaro, nekuda kwekuzvimba kwefaibha, kurongeka kwefaibha kwakarongeka, uye kuratidzwa kwechiedza kunowanzo shandiswa, nokudaro kuvandudza kupenya kwaro.
B. Wedzera mwero wekudhaya ruvara mushure mekupedzisa mercerizing, nzvimbo yefiber inoderera, nzvimbo isina chimiro inowedzera, uye madhayi ane mukana wekupinda mumafiber, mwero wekudhaya kupfuura mercerized cotton fiber wakawedzera ne20%, uye kupenya kwakawedzera, panguva imwe chete kuwedzera simba rekufukidza pamberi.
C. Kuti simbi dzigadzikane, simbi dzinogadzirisa dhizaini, dzinogona kubvisa makunyanzi etambo, uye dzinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvekudhaya nekudhinda zvigadzirwa zvehafu nehafu. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti mushure mesimbi dzinogadzirisa, kugadzikana kwekushanduka kwejira kwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kuderera kwejira.

6. Kuchenesa, kunoderedza jira (jira remakemikari fiber)

Chinangwa chekunatsa jira risati rapera ndechekubvisa mafuta, tsvina netsvina zvakanyungudutswa pajira (fiber) panguva yekuchengetera nekutakura, uye panguva imwe chete, mamwe maoligomers ari pajira anogonawo kunyungudutswa mukunatswa kwekupisa kwakanyanya. Jira regrey rinofanira kuchekwa risati rasvika huwandu hwealkali, uye zvimwe zvinowedzera zvakaita se olein ne caustic soda zvinofanira kuwedzerwa zvakanyanya. Kugadzirisa jira remakemikari fiber kunoitwa muchina wekudhaya une kupisa kwakanyanya uye une pressure yakakwira.

7. Kuderedza alkali (jira remakemikari fiber)

(1) Nheyo uye mhedzisiro yekuderedza alkali

Kurapa kwekuderedza alkali inzira yekurapa jira repolyester pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kupiswa kwakasimba. Polyester fiber inonyungudutswa ne ester bond ye polyester molecular chain pamusoro pe fiber mu sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, uye zvigadzirwa zve hydrolysis zvine madhigirii akasiyana e polymerization zvinogara zvichiumbwa, uye pakupedzisira sodium terephthalate inonyunguduka mumvura uye ethylene glycol zvinogadzirwa. Midziyo yekuderedza alkali inonyanya kusanganisira muchina wekupenda overflow, muchina wekuderedza unoenderera mberi, muchina wekuderedza unopindirana mhando nhatu, kunze kwemuchina wekupenda overflow; Michina yekuderedza inoenderera mberi uye inopindirana inogona kudzokorodza lye yasara. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwechitarisiko chechimiro nehukuru hwejira regrey kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekuderedza alkali, zvakakosha kuwedzera maitiro akatarwa, uye wozopinda muitiro wekupenda.