Kudhaya uye kupedza nzira (1)

Kusarudzwa kwekudhaya uye kupedzisa maitiro kunonyanya kuenderana nemhando dzakasiyana, zvirevo uye zvakapedzwa zvechigadzirwa zvinodiwa zvejira, izvo zvinogona kukamurwa kuita pre-kurapwa,dyeing, kudhinda, post-finishing uye zvichingodaro.

Pre-kurapwa

Mashizha echisikigo ane tsvina, mumucheka wekugadzira machira uye kuwedzera slurry, mafuta uye tsvina yakasvibiswa, kuvapo kweiyi tsvina, kwete kungotadzisa kufambira mberi kwakatsetseka kwekudhaya uye kupedzisa kugadzirisa, asiwo kunokanganisa kupfeka kwejira.

Chinangwa chekurapa kusati kwave kushandisa kemikari uye yemuviri mechanical chiito kubvisa tsvina pamucheka, kuita kuti jira rive jena, rakapfava, uye rive nekupinza kwakanaka kunosangana nezvinodiwa zvekutora, uye kupa zvigadziro zvakagadzirirwa semi-zvigadzirwa zvekudhaya, kudhinda uye kupedza.

Cotton: kugadzirira jira mbishi, singeing, desizing, boiling, bleaching, mercerizing. Polyester: kugadzirira machira, kunatswa (alkali yemvura, nezvimwewo), preshrinking, kuchengetedza, alkali deweighting (alkali yemvura, nezvimwewo).

Kuimba

Kazhinji, mushure mekupinda mufekitari yekudhinda uye yekudhaya kubva pachigayo chemucheka, jira re grey rinofanira kutanga raongororwa, rakapindurwa, kubhakwa, kudhinda uye kusona, uye ipapo kuimba.

Zvikonzero:

(1) pajira risinganyanyi kunyura, kureba kwakasiyana;

(2) dhigirii rekupedzisa rakashata, nyore kusvibiswa;

(3) mukutevedzana zhongyi makushe kudhaya uye kupedza, kudhinda uye kudhaya hurema.

Chinangwa chekuimba:

(1) kunatsiridza kupenya kwejira; Kuvandudza kupedzisa;

(2) kunatsiridza pilling kuramba (kunyanya kemikari fiber jira);

(3) kunatsiridza maitiro, kuimba kunogona kuita kuti jira rive rakapfava, raive bhonzo.

Desizing

Mukuita kurukwa, mupendero unoiswa kune tension yakakura uye kukweshana, izvo zviri nyore kuputsika. Kuti uderedze kuputika kwewarp, kunatsiridza kuruka zvakanaka uye grey jira remhando, zvinodikanwa kuyera shinda yewarp usati waruka. Faibha iri mushinda inonamira uye inobata pamwe chete, uye inoumba firimu rakasimba slurry pamusoro peshinda, ichiita kuti shinda ive yakasimba uye yakatsetseka, nekudaro inovandudza simba rekutsemuka uye kupfeka kusagadzikana kweshinda.

Desizing chinangwa: Mushure mekuyera, slurry inopinda mumafiber uye pamwe inonamatira pamusoro peiyo warp. Paunenge uchivandudza kushanda kweshinda, slurry inosvibisa kudhaya uye kupedzisa kugadzirisa mvura, inodzivisa kusangana kwemakemikari pakati pemafiber uye dhayi uye zvinhu zvemakemikari, uye inoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuita dhayi uye kupedza kugadzirisa.

(1) Nhanganyaya kune inowanzoshandiswa slurry

Natural slurry: starch, seaweed gum, chingamu, nezvimwe.

Starch properties:

① muchiitiko chekuora kweasidhi;

② kana iri alkali kugadzikana, kuzvimba;

③ kana maoxidants anogona kuora;

④ neiyo starch decomposition enzyme decomposition.

Chemical slurry: cellulose derivatives senge hydroxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinyl doro (PVA), polyacrylic acid, polyester, nezvimwe.

PVA zvivakwa:

① yakagadzikana kune acid uye base, viscosity haina kuderedza;

② Yakasvibiswa neoxidant.;

③ Kushanda kwakakura, kuenderana kwakanaka, hapana kusanganisa kuita

(2) Inowanzo shandiswa desizing nzira

1. Alkaline deizing

Imwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mudzimba dzekudhaya zvidyarwa, asi dhizaini dhizaini haina kukwirira, uye kumwe kusvibiswa kunogona kubviswa paunenge uchitsvaga.

Mechanism: Kushandiswa kwe sodium hydroxide dilute solution kurapwa, starch slurry pasi pechiito che alkali kuzvimba (kana kuzvimba) chiitiko, hachiitike kemikari reaction, kuitira kuti slurry kubva gel kusvika kune sol, kuderedza simba rinosunga pakati pefiber uye slurry, uye ipapo kushandiswa kwekugeza uye mechanical simba kuibvisa. Kune PVA uye polyacrylate slurries, inokwanisa kunyungudutsa sodium hydroxide mu dilute mhinduro.

(starch) enzyme deizing

Enzymes anonziwo enzymes, biocatalysts.

Zvimiro: high deizing rate, kwete kukuvara fiber, chete kune starch, haigoni kubvisa tsvina.

Zvinoumba: a. Kubudirira kwepamusoro. b. Kunyatsojeka: Enzyme inogona kukonzeresa kuita kumwe chete kana kuita kwakati. c. Chiitiko chacho chinokanganiswa nekupisa uye PH kukosha.

Kune starch slurries kana starch yakasanganiswa slurries (starch yemukati ndiyo yakanyanya), amylase inogona kushandiswa kudhiza.

Acid deizing

Kushandiswa kwemumba hakusi kwakanyanya, nekuti kushandiswa kuri nyore kukuvadza fiber, zvakanyanya kusanganiswa nedzimwe nzira. Nzira mbiri-nhanho inogamuchirwa: alkali desizing - acid deizing. Acid deizing inogona kuita starch hydrolyze, kubvisa mineral munyu uye zvichingodaro, uye kugadzira kune mumwe nemumwe..

Oxidation deizing

Oxidizing agent: NaBrO2 (sodium bromite) H2O2, Na2S2O8, (NH4) 2S2O8, nezvimwewo.

Nheyo: Iyo oxidizing agent inogona oxidize uye kushatisa marudzi ese e slurry, iyo molecular uremu uye viscosity yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, solubility yemvura inowedzera, uye slurry inodzivirirwa kubva pakunamatira kune fiber, uye ipapo iyo hydrolyzate inobviswa nekushambidzika kwakanaka.

(1) Kufashaira

Chinangwa chekubikira ndechekubvisa tsvina yefiber uye kugadzirisa zvinhu zvekugadzira zvemucheka, kunyanya kunyorova.

Kusachena kwechisikigo: Kwemachira edonje akachena, kunyanya fiber co-organisms kana zvipenyu zvakabatana, zvinosanganisira wakisi yemafuta, pectin, protein, dota, pigment uye makoko ekotoni.

Artificial tsvina: tsvina yakaita seoiri, antistatic agent neoiri, ngura uye yakasara slurry yakawedzerwa mukuruka nekuruka.

Aya tsvina anokanganisa zvakanyanya kunyorova kwejira uye anotadzisa kudhayi uye kupera kwejira, uye inofanirwa kubviswa mu scouring system ine sodium hydroxide seyakanyanya uye surfactants seyebetsero.

(2) Bvuura

Mushure mekubikira, mazhinji echisikigo uye ekugadzira tsvina panejirazvinobviswa, asi kune machira ane bleach uye akajeka-mavara, bleaching inodiwa zvakare. Iko ndiko kubvisa pigment, kunatsiridza kuchena sechinangwa chikuru chekugadzira bleaching.

Kemikari faibha haina pigment, mushure mekubikira kwave kuchena kwazvo, uye faibha yekotoni mushure mekutsvaira pigment ichiripo, kuchena kwacho hakuna kunaka, saka bleaching inonyanya kusvibiswa kwechisikigo padonje fiber.

(3) Bhirichi

Oxidation type: sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide uye sodium chlorite, nezvimwewo, inonyanya kushandiswa mukotoni fiber uye machira akasanganiswa.

Yakaderedzwa: NaHSO3 uye inishuwarenzi powder, nezvimwewo, inonyanya kushandiswa kune mapuroteni fiber machira.

(4) Sodium hypochlorite bleaching:

Sodium hypochlorite bleaching inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira bleaching machira edonje uye machira akasanganiswa edonje, uye dzimwe nguva anoshandiswawo kugadzira machira akasanganiswa epolyester donje. Nekudaro, haigone kushandiswa pakutsvaira maprotein fibers akadai sesirika nemvere dzemakwai, nekuti sodium hypochlorite ine zvinokanganisa mapuroteni fiber, uye inoita kuti faibha dzive yero uye kukuvara. Mune bleaching process, kunze kwekuparadzwa kwemavara echisikigo, iyo fiber yekotoni pachayo inogonawo kukuvadzwa, saka, zvinodikanwa kudzora mamiriro ekuita bleaching, kuitira kuti kutaridzika kwemhando uye kunaka kwemukati zvikwanise.

Sodium hypochlorite iri nyore kugadzira, yakaderera mutengo, sodium hypochlorite bleaching oparesheni iri nyore, midziyo iri nyore, asi nekuti sodium hypochlorite bleaching yakashata pakudzivirira kwezvakatipoteredza, saka zvishoma nezvishoma inotsiviwa nehydrogen peroxide.

(5) Hydrogen peroxide bleaching H2O2:

Hydrogen peroxide, inozivikanwawo sehydrogen peroxide, ine molecular formula H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide bleaching inonzi oxygen bleaching. Kugadzikana kwehydrogen peroxide mhinduro kwakashata zvikuru pasi pemamiriro ealkaline. Nekuda kweizvozvo, yekutengesa hydrogen peroxide haina kusimba acidic.

Mucheka wakacheneswa nehydrogen peroxide une kuchena kwakanaka, ruvara rwakachena, uye haisi nyore kuita yero kana yachengetwa. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumucheka wemucheka wekotoni. Oxygen bleaching ine kuchinjika kukuru kupfuura chlorine bleaching, asi hydrogen peroxide yakakwirira kudarika sodium hypochlorite mutengo, uye oxygen bleaching inoda simbi isina tsvina, kushandiswa kwesimba kwakakura, mutengo wakakwira kupfuura chlorine bleaching.

Parizvino, iyo nzira yakavhurika-yakavhurika yeupfu inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudhinda nekudhaya mafekitori. Iyi nzira ine yakakwira dhigirii yekuenderera mberi, otomatiki uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira, kuyerera kuri nyore uye haiburitse kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.

5. Mercerized (mucheka wedonje)

Micheka iri pasi peimwe mamiriro ekunetsana, nerubatsiro rweconcentrated caustic soda, uye kuchengetedza saizi inodiwa, inogona kuwana silky luster, iyi nzira inonzi mercerization.

(1) Chinangwa che mercerization:

A. Kuvandudza kubwinya kwepamusoro uye kunzwa kwemucheka, nekuda kwekuputika kwefiber, kurongeka kwefiber kunowedzera kurongeka, uye kuratidzira kwechiedza kunowedzera nguva dzose, nokudaro kuvandudza kubwinya.
B.Kuwedzera chiyero chekudhaya ruvara mushure mekupedza mercerizing, fiber zone inoderera, amorphous nzvimbo inowedzera, uye dhayi dzinowanzopinda mufibers, coloring rate kupfuura mercerized cotton fiber inowedzera ne20%, uye kubwinya kunovandudzwa, panguva imwechete kuwedzera simba rakafa rinovhara pamberi.
C.Kunatsiridza dimensional kugadzikana mercerizing vakapedzisa dhizaini mhedzisiro, inogona kubvisa tambo wrinkles, yakawanda inogona kusangana nemhando yezvinodiwa zvekudhaya uye kudhinda zvigadzirwa zvehafu nehafu. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti mushure mekuita mercerizing, kugadzikana kwemucheka wekuwedzera deformation kwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, nokudaro kuderedza zvakanyanya shrinkage rate yejira.

6. Kunatsa, pre-kuderera (kemikari fiber jira)

Chinangwa chekunatsa kusati kwadonha kunyanya kubvisa mafuta, slurry uye tsvina yakashambadzirwa pamucheka (fiber) panguva yekuruka kuchengetedza uye yekufambisa, uye panguva imwecheteyo, mamwe maoligomers pafiber anogona zvakare kunyungudika mukunatsa tembiricha. Mucheka we grey unofanirwa kunge wakagara wanyura musati wawanda alkali, uye zvinowedzera zvakadai seolein uye caustic soda zvinofanira kunyanya kuwedzerwa. Pretreatment yemakemikari fiber jira inoitwa mukupisa kwakanyanya uye yakanyanya kudzvinyirira dhayi muchina.

7.Alkali kuderedza (makemikari fiber jira)

(1) Nheyo uye mhedzisiro yekudzikisa alkali

Alkali kuderedza kurapwa inzira yekurapa jira repolyester mukupisa kwakanyanya uye yakadzika inopisa lye. Polyester fiber inogadzirwa nehydrolyzed uye yakaputswa ne ester bond yepolyester molecular chain pamusoro pefiber mu sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, uye zvigadzirwa zvehydrolysis zvine madhigirii akasiyana epolymerization zvinoramba zvichiumbwa, uye pakupedzisira mvura-inonyungudika sodium terephthalate uye ethylene glycol inogadzirwa. Alkali yekudzikisa michina inonyanya zvinosanganisira kufashukira dhayi muchina, unoramba uchidzikisira muchina, unopindirana wekudzikisa muchina marudzi matatu, kunze kwekufashukira muchina wekudhaya; Inoenderera uye nepakati yekudzikisa michina inogona kudzoreredza iyo yasara lye. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwechimiro chechimiro uye saizi yemucheka wegrey kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekudzikisa alkali, zvinodikanwa kuwedzera nzira yakafanotemerwa, uye wozopinda mukudhaya.